Introduction of Artificial Intelligence

Introduction of Artificial Intelligence

   Intelligence: It is the ability of a living being to understand and solve a problem.

              Intelligence does not have a physical existence and is assumed to be composed by the followings :

               Perception

               Reasoning

               Linguistic Intelligence(Relating to a Language)

               Learning

               Problem Solving

               Experience

               Probability

              Assumption

              Robert Sternberg an American scientist of psychologist and psychometrician has proposed a theory that categorized the Intelligence into three types

•  Practical Intelligence
• Creative Intelligence
• Analytical Intelligence

              Introduction of Artificial Intelligence

              To make the computer or a machine to percept, interpret, learn, understand the problem and make a decision to solve the problem

              The term "Artificial Intelligence "is first time coined/use by an American computer and cognitive Scientist "John McCarthy"

              John McCarthy is also the founder of the discipline of Artificial Intelligence and the father of Artificial Intelligence.

                            

                             John McCarthy (1927- 2011)

Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words Artificial and Intelligence, where Artificial defines "man-made," and intelligence defines "thinking power", hence AI means "a man-made thinking power "So, we can define AI as:

 "It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines which can behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions." 

              Artificial Intelligence is an approach to make a computer an electronic device to think like a living being and react like living nature. Artificial Intelligence is the study and making artificial brain to think and solve problems in a very fast speed.

                                                                        Or

        Artificial Intelligence is a field of science that deals with making electronic machines to understand the environment or problems just like the human brain understand and scientist working continuously to attain the human level of Intelligence.

    Artificial Intelligence scientist are always working to improve and attain the next level in the domain of life and the next level in every domain of life and next big thing is whose stepping floor is already been laid which will lead to unpredicted attainment in the field of Artificial intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence is an approach to make a computer, a robot, or a product to think like how smart humans think. ... And finally, this study outputs intelligent software systems. The aim of AI is to improve computer functions which are related to human knowledge, for example, reasoning, learning, and problem-solving.

                             Application of Artificial Intelligence

              Artificial intelligence is now reached to every aspect of life a few applications of Artificial Intelligence is as following:

Handwriting Recognition: Artificial intelligence is used in recognition of handwritten notes and text, convert the handwritten notes to an editable format and translate to other languages.

Robotic Services: Artificial intelligence is used in robots to perform different tasks in restaurants, billing services, industrial works and many more.

Defense Systems: In defense systems, artificial intelligence can perform many risky tasks to eliminate and detect enemies and neutralized the risk. Artificial intelligence helps in defusing explosive materials.

Gaming:  Artificial intelligence spread its hand in gaming to make realize of human opponents. Games like chess, Ludo, river crossing and other computer-based games make use of artificial intelligence.

Database Management: Database is organized with an artificial intelligence algorithm to make it fast and responsive.

 Image Recognition: Artificial intelligence

has one the most important application is image recognition which has a wide scope in every field of life egg; face recognition, classification objects, expression readers and many more.

 Transport Systems:  Making transport system automatic and reduced cost is only achieved through artificial intelligence such as automatically driven cars, airplanes, automatic load and unload of raw material, etc.

 Expert Systems: Artificial Intelligence is used in an expert system in a wide range. Machine or software provide explanation and advice to the users.

 Natural Language Processing: Natural Language processing to recognized voice to character string and execute query base on speeches. For example, Siri, google voice recognizer, etc.

 Vision System:  System understand, explain visual inputs on the machine can only be possible through artificial Intelligence

Speech Recognition: There are many speech-based recognition systems that have the ability to hear and express a sentence of a language and understand the meaning while a person talks to it. The example of such a system is Siri, Google Assistant, etc.

 Healthcare Systems: Healthcare systems use artificial intelligence to detect, care, medical operations, and in many others mean.

Automotive: Many automatic driving machines in factories, self-driving cars, and robots.

Networking: Artificial intelligence is used in networking to reduce costs and increase productivity.

 Intelligent Robots: Robots are able to perform the tasks of which instruction is given by humans.

   Artificial Intelligence 

Major Goals

·       Robotics

·        

·       Planning

·       Solve Knowledge-intensive tasks

·       Computer Vision

·       Natural Language Processing

·       Replicate Human Intelligence

·       An Intelligence perception and action

·       Knowledge reasoning

·       Machine Learning

·       Building a machine that requires human intelligence to perform tasks such as

• Proving a theorem

• Playing chess

• Plan some surgical operation

• Driving a car in traffic

Advantages of Artificial Intelligence

Following are some main advantages of Artificial Intelligence:

• Useful as a public utility: AI can be very useful for public utilities such as a self-driving car which can make our journey safer and hassle-free, facial recognition for security purpose, Natural language processing to communicate with the human in human-language, etc.

•  

• High-Speed: AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-decision making, because of that AI systems can beat a chess champion in the Chess game.

• High Accuracy with fewer errors: AI machines or systems are prone to fewer errors and high accuracy as it takes decisions as per pre-experience or information.

• Digital Assistant: AI can be very useful to provide a digital assistant to users such as AI technology is currently used by various E-commerce websites to show the products as per customer requirements.

• High reliability: AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the same action multiple times with high accuracy.

• Useful for risky areas: AI machines can be helpful in situations such as defusing a bomb, exploring the ocean floor, where to employ a human can be risky.

Requirements for Artificial Intelligence study

To achieve the above factors for a machine or software Artificial Intelligence requires the following discipline:

• Mathematics
• Biology
• Psychology
• Sociology
• Computer Science
• Neurons Study
• Statistics

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